Site na nyocha miri emi nke mmepe na nyocha nke ngwa ngwa, ngwa ngwa ya na-agbasa. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị na-eme surfactant abụrụla ihe bụ isi nke ihe nhicha, ha nwekwara ọtụtụ ngwa dị mkpa na ihe ịchọ mma, dị ka emulsifying, mgbasa, solubilizing, ịfụfụ na ihicha na ihe ịchọ mma.

1) Emulsification

Ihe ngosi nke imepụta emulsifying ndị na - enweghị mmiri na mmiri iji mepụta emulsion a na - akpọ emulsification. Emulsifiers na-akasị eji na mmepụta nke ude na ude mmiri na ihe ịchọ mma. Ihe ude uzuzu na ude na-anọpụ iche bụ ihe emulsions 0 / W, nke nwere ike emulsified na anionic emulsifier fatty acid soap (ncha). Ọ dị mfe ịkwadebe emulsions na obere mmanụ site na ncha emulsification, na gelling mmetụta ncha nwere ike ịbụ Mee ya nwere ukwuu viscosity. Maka ude oyi nwere ọtụtụ mmanụ, emulsions bụkarị ụdị w / O, na lanolin sitere n'okike nke nwere mmiri buru ibu na oke viscosity nwere ike iji maka emulsification. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, emulsifier na-abụghị nke ionic bụ na emulsifier na-abụghị nke dị mma ma nwee obere iwe. Onye a ma ama sorbitan fatty acid ester (Span) na ethylene oxide adduct (Tween) bụ ezigbo ndị na-abụghị ndị ionic emulsifiers. Span bụ lipophilic na Tween bụ hydrophilic, a na-agwakọta ha abụọ. Ejiri na O / W emulsions, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta emulsions nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike na mmekọrịta dị elu dị elu.

2) Ndozi

A na-akpọ ihe ịtụnanya nke ịbawanye solubility nke ntakịrị soluble ma ọ bụ anaghị anyụ anyụ solubilization. Mgbe agbakwunye surfactant na mmiri, esemokwu elu nke mmiri ga-ada ngwa ngwa na mbụ, wee mepụta micelles nke molekul surfactant. A na-akpọ ịta ahụhụ nke ihe eji emepụta micelles dị oke mkpa micelle. Mgbe ịta ahụhụ nke surfactant rutere oke micelle ịta ahụhụ, micelle nwere ike banye mmanụ ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike ahụ na otu njedebe nke lipophilic isi, si otú ịba ụba solubility nke ubé soluble ma ọ bụ unyi anaghị edozi okwu.

A na-ejikarị ndị na-edozi ihe na ihe ịchọ mma mee ihe na mmiri, ntutu ntutu, na ntutu ntutu. Ndị na-eme ihe eji arụ ọrụ dị ka solubilizer kwesịrị ịnwe hydrophilicity dị elu, HLB> 15, dị ka mmanụ polyoxyethylene obi tara mmiri, mmanụ polyoxyethylene castor, mmanya na-aba n'anya polyoxyethylene ether, mmanya na-aba n'anya polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Ether, polyoxyethylene polybity acid,

Ihe mmanu mmanu mmanu di na ihe nhichacha, dika ihe na-esi isi, mmanu, na vitamin nwere ike ime ka mmanu nwee mmanu di iche iche, nwere uzo di iche iche e ji edozi solubilization site na odi iche na nhazi. Ya mere, a ga - ahọrọ ndị na - emepụta ihe kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka ndị na - edozi ihe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe ndị eji edozi mmanụ bụ ude mmanụ, mmanụ na ọgwụ, wdg, ya mere enwere ike iji alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers maka solubilization. Ọ bụ ezie na alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers (OP ụdị, TX ụdị) nwere ike solubilizing ike, ha na-akpasu iwe na anya na-adịkarịghị eji. Tụkwasị na nke a, ihe mgbapụta amphoteric nke castor nwere ezigbo solubility na mmanụ na-esi ísì ụtọ na mmanụ ihe oriri, na ndị dị otú ahụ na-eme ihe na-adịghị akpasu iwe na anya ma dị mma maka nkwadebe nke shampoo na-adịghị ewe iwe na ihe ịchọ mma ndị ọzọ.

3) Gbasaa

Ihe a na-akpọ dispersion bụ ihe a na - akpọ mmiri na - anaghị anyụ mmiri na - etolite ihe na - agbasasị ala na mmiri. Usoro mgbasa nke ihe ịchọ mma gụnyere akụkụ atọ: ntụ ntụ, ihe mgbaze na mgbasa. Enwere ike ekewa ntụ ntụ n'ime ụdị abụọ: ihe ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ (dị ka talc, mica, titanium dioxide, carbon black, wdg) na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe (dị ka phthalocyanine blue, wdg), nke kachasị iji mee ka ihe ịchọ mma nwere ụda agba dị mma, nwere ike ekpuchi agba dị n’azụ, ma nwee ezigbo ihe eji eme ihe Solvents kewara ụzọ abụọ: mmiri na mmiri na adịghị. Ndị mgbasa ozi eji dị ka mgbasa ozi bụ hydrophilic (nke metụtara sistemụ mmiri) na lipophilic (nke metụtara sistemụ na-enweghị mmiri). Ya mere, usoro ahụ nwere ọtụtụ njikọta.

Ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe eji eme ihe na ndị na-ekesa bụ ndị emulsifiers na ndị na-achụsasị, dị ka mmanya na-egbu egbu polyoxyethylene ethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, mmanya na-aba n'anya polyoxyethylene ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates na alkyl ethers. Sulfonates, wdg, ha niile nwere ezigbo ihe mgbasa. Ka ntụ ntụ wee gbasaa n'ụzọ zuru ezu na mmiri mmiri, mmiri mmiri ahụ ga-enwe ike ịmịchaa ntụ ntụ ahụ nke ọma. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-ahọrọ surfactant, buru ụzọ tụlee HLB nke ntụ ntụ na mgbasa mgbasa. Na mkpokọta, mgbe ị na-eji ntụ ntụ lipophilic eme ihe na sistemụ mmiri, ekwesịrị iji hydrophilic surfactants mee ihe ọkachasị.

4) Nhicha mmetụta

Ngwaahịa nkeonwe eji eme ihe maka nhicha na-agụnye ncha ntutu, gel ịsa ahụ na ncha ihu. Na mgbakwunye na nhicha, ịfụfụfụ na ịmịkọrọ mmiri, isi ihe dị ugbu a bụ ịdị nwayọọ na anụ ahụ. Nke a choro na surfactant anaghị emebi mkpụrụ ndụ epidermal, anaghị emetụta protein anụ ahụ, ọ naghị abanye ma ọ bụ banye n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ. Iji mee ka mmanụ anụ ahụ na akpụkpọ ahụ dị na steeti nkịtị.

Anionic surfactants nwere nhicha dị ogologo. Ihe ncha ncha enweghi ihe ncha. Sodium lauryl sulfate bụ akụrụngwa a na-ejikarị eme ka ihe nhicha ahụ dị ọcha, ọ nwere ike ime ka anụ ahụ nweta ezigbo nhicha nhicha. Amphoteric surfactants, imidazoline, cocamidopropyl betaine na amino acids bụcha ihe nhicha dị ọcha, ha dịkwa oke mkpa maka nkwadebe nke ngwaahịa nhicha ihu, ntutu isi na shampoos nwa.

5) Mmetụta dị nro na nke antistatic

Ihe okirikiri nke cationic bụ ndị na-eme ka isi dị na ngwaahịa ntutu ntutu dị ka ndị na-edozi ahụ. Ha nwere ezigbo nro na ikike antistatic ma rụọ ọrụ pụrụ iche na ndị na-eme ka ntutu dị nro. Kacha ejindị cactic surfactants bụ monoalkyl na dialkyl quaternary ammonium salts, ya bụ C16-18 monoalkyl ammonium salts, okpukpu abụọ C16-18 alkyl quaternary ammonium salts na alkylbenzyl quaternary ammonium salts. Asymmetric tallow,octyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium nnu na nnu 3-cetyl methyl ammonium, nnu quarternary ammonium a nwere ezigbo mmetuta na mgbochi akọrọ, mgbochi mmiri na ịchụpụ ntutu. Na nso nso a, nke kacha adọrọ anya bụ quaternary ammonium salt nke ewepụtara site na lanolin fatty acid. Ọ bụ obere mgbakasị na nwere mmiri njigide na wetting Njirimara nke lanolin na e ji marandị cactic surfactants, Nke nwere ike inye ntutu ntutu mmiri na aka pụrụ iche dịka nro.

6) Wetting na ịbanye

Dị ka ihe ịchọ mma, ọ bụghị naanị na ha ga-enwe ọmarịcha mma, mana ọ ga-adịkwa nro ma dịkwa nro mgbe ejiri ya. Ihe ndị a anaghị ekewapụ site na mmetụta wetting nke ndị na-eme mmiri ọgwụ. N'akụkụ a, ndị biosurfactants enwetawo nsonazụ dị ịrịba ama. Dịka akụkụ dị mkpa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ndụ, phospholipids na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na metabolism cell na cell membrane permeation ደንብ, ma nwee njigide mmiri dị mma na nke na-emetụta akpụkpọ anụ mmadụ. Sophorolipid biosurfactants nwere njikọ pụrụ iche maka anụ ahụ, nke nwere ike ime ka anụ ahụ dị nro ma gbaa ume. N'iji njikọ biochemical na usoro ndị ọzọ iji kwadebe ihe ndị dị na ya na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na vitamin, nkwadebe enzyme, ihe ndị na-eto eto (EGF, DFGF), collagen, elastin, ceramide na hyaluronic acid, wdg, a pụrụ iji ihe ndị a na-edozi ahụ. Penetrates na akpụkpọ ahụ, na-ekere òkè na metabolism nke mkpụrụ ndụ anụ ahụ na anụ ahụ, na-agbanwe usoro nke anụ ahụ, wdg, iji nweta nsonaazụ mgbochi ndọlị, ịka nká na ịcha ọcha.