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Okwu Mmalite nke ihe omuma banyere ndi oru mmanu
Bipụtara: 20-12-11
Dika usoro nhazi nke kemikal oilfield, enwere ike kee ndi n'eme mmanu mmanu site na ngwa n'ime ihe ndi ozo, ndi ozo maka igwu ala, ndi ozo maka imeziwanye ihe, ndi ozo maka nchikota mmanu na mmanu mmiri, na ndi ozo maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri, wdg.
Surfactant maka mkpọpu ala
The ego nke surfactants maka mkpọpu ala (gụnyere mkpọpu ala ọmụmụ ọgwụgwọ mmadụ na mmanụ ọma ciment admixtures) bụ ndị kasị ibu, aza ajụjụ banyere 60% nke ngụkọta surfactants eji na oilfields. The ego nke surfactants maka mmanụ mgbake dịtụ obere, ma ya oru ọdịnaya elu. Ọnụ ego ya ruru 1/3 nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-eme ihe n'ahịrị. Typesdị kemịkal abụọ a nwere ọnọdụ dị mkpa na ndị na-eme mmiri na mpaghara mmanụ.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nyocha banyere onye na-agwọ mmiri na-egwu mmiri n'ụwa amalitela ọnọdụ nke "ogidi atọ" na United States, Russia na China. United States na-ewere ihe ọhụrụ polymer dị iche iche dị ka ihe nyocha. Russia kachasị dabere na ụkpụrụ bụ na "akụrụngwa dị ọnụ ala ma dịkwa mfe inweta", yana ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị iche iche. Chinese nnyocha na-elekwasị anya na ojiji nke ọdịnala akụrụngwa na mmepe nke ọhụrụ sịntetik polima (gụnyere monomers).
Ihe nyocha nke ndị na-agwọ mmiri na-egwu mmiri nke mba ọzọ pụtara ìhè, ya bụ, ngwaahịa dị iche iche dabere na polymer sịntetik nwere sulfonic acid dị iche iche, nke bụkwa usoro mmepe n'ọdịnihu.
Kemgbe afọ ndị 1990, ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke poly-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) ngwaahịa multi-copolymer abụrụla onye nnọchianya nke ndị ọrụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-egwu mmiri ọhụrụ. Enweela ọganihu dị iche iche na ndị na-ebelata viscosity, ndị na-ebelata mmiri na ndị na-ete mmanụ. Karịsịa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-eme ka ndị na-a alcoholụ mmanya na-aba n'anya na-eme ka mmiri ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara mmanụ mmanụ na usoro nke mmiri ọgwụ na-egwu mmiri.
Na mgbakwunye, methyl gluconate na mmiri na-egwu mmiri glycerin enwetawo ezigbo nsonaazụ na ngwa ubi, na-egosi atụmanya ngwa ngwa dị mma ma na-akwalite mmepe nke ndị na-agba mmiri maka ịkụ mmiri. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị ọrụ na-agwọ mmiri mmiri nke China amụbaala na ụdị 18, ọtụtụ puku ụdị, na-eri kwa afọ nke ihe ruru 300,000 tọn.
Na 1980s, mmanụ ọma ciment admixtures mepụtara ngwa ngwa na 1980s, na usoro nke ngwaahịa na-nwayọọ nwayọọ guzobere. Na mmepe nke ngwaahịa ohuru, ihe eji eme polymer bu ihe kachasi nma nyocha; na 1993, ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ niile dị na China gbanwere n'usoro dabara ụkpụrụ API. Ngwaahịa na admixtures amalitela ngwa ngwa. Companylọ ọrụ ahụ enweela ihe ịga nke ọma mepụtara mmanụ mmanụ simenti pụrụ iche SAF (sulfonated acetone formaldehyde polycondensate), nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na ịkwa akwa na ịkwanye akwa mkpuchi. Coagulants, retarders na nyagide nwee ume elekọta mmadụ egosiwokwara ezigbo mmepe ọkụ, ma kpụrụ a pụrụ iche mmanụ ọma ciment ngwakọta. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ mepụtala ihe karịrị ụdị 200 nke ụdị 11, yana usoro ọgwụgwọ kwa afọ nke ọtụtụ puku tọn.
Surfactant maka mgbake mmanụ
E nwere ụdị ole na ole dị iche iche nke ndị na-eme ihe maka mmanụ mgbake jiri ya tụnyere ndị na-eme ihe maka ịkụ ala, karịsịa maka acidification na ngwaahịa mgbawa. N'etiti ndị na-agbawa agbaji maka ndị na-agbaji agbaji, ndị ọrụ gell na-eme nchọpụta ka ha gbanwee goms na mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose, yana ọtụtụ polymer sịntetik dị ka polyacrylamide.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, mba ndị ọzọ amalitela nwayọ nwayọ n'ọhịa nke ndị na-eme ka mmiri kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ. Ebumnuche nke nyocha na mmepe bụ na mmepe nke ndị na-egbochi corrosion maka acidification. Ejiri iji ihe eji eme ihe ugbua iji gbanwee ma obu mebie ihe mmebi. Akụrụngwa na ngwaahịa ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu ma ọ bụ nke na-egbu egbu, na ngwaahịa ndị nwere mmanụ / mmiri solubility ma ọ bụ dispersibility mmiri.
Amines, quaternary ammonium na acetylenic alcohols nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị na-egbochi corrosion, na ndị aldehyde corrosion inhibitors abatatụbeghị mepụtara n'ihi nsí ha. Corrosion inhibitors bụkwa ogige nke dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid na obere molekụla amines (ethylamine, propylamine, C8-18 isi amine, oleic acid diethanolamide), na emulsifiers bụ mmanụ-na-mmanụ emulsifiers.
Karịsịa, n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, nchọpụta a na-ahụ maka ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ maka ịkụda mmiri mmiri acid na-ezughi ezu, na enwechaghị ọganihu. Na mgbakwunye na ndị na-egbochi corrosion maka ịkụda mmiri acidification n'oge mmepe, enwere ọtụtụ ụdị ndị ọzọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ amines (nke mbu amines, nke abụọ amines, tertiary amini, quaternary amide ma ọ bụ ogige ha), imidazoline na ihe ndị sitere na ya bụkwa klas nke ndị na-emechi corrosion ndị a na-eji n'ọtụtụ buru ibu.
Sndị na-arụ ọrụ maka nchịkọta mmanụ na gas
Nnyocha, mmepe na itinye n'ọrụ nke ndị na-eme mmiri maka mkpokọta mmanụ na gas na njem na China malitere na 1960, ma ugbu a, ụdị 14 na ọtụtụ narị ngwaahịa. N'ime ha, nke na-akụ mmanụ agbịdị bụ nke kachasị, yana kwa afọ a na-achọ ihe ruru tọn 20,000. China ewepụtawo ngwaahịa ndị na-emerụ emerụ kwesịrị ekwesị maka ubi mmanụ dị iche iche, ọtụtụ ụdị ruru mba ụwa na 1990s; mgbe ị na-awụpụ ndị na-ada mbà n'obi, ndị na-aga n'ihu, ndị na-ebelata viscosity na ndị na-egbochi waks dị ole na ole, ma ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ Maka ngwaahịa ndị dị mgbagwoju anya, mmanụ mmanụ dị iche iche nwere ihe dị iche iche achọrọ na nsogbu maka mmepe nke ngwaahịa ọhụrụ n'ihi ihe dị iche iche a chọrọ maka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri , mmeghari nke oma, mbelata viscosity na ebumnuche iwepu wax.
Surfactant maka ọgwụgwọ ubi mmanụ
. Oilfield mmiri ọgwụ gị n'ụlọnga bụ ihe dị mkpa ụdị oilfield chemical na mmepe nke mmanụ. Usoro ọgwụgwọ kwa afọ nke ndị ọrụ mmiri mmiri dị iche iche karịrị 60,000 tọn, nke surfactant na-akọ maka ihe dị ka 40%, ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-arụ ọrụ na mmiri na-edozi mmanụ na-achọ ihe dị ukwuu, mana enwere nyocha ole na ole banyere ndị na-eme mmiri maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri na China. Varietiesdị surfactants maka ịmịcha mmanụ agbachapụchabeghị, ma ọtụtụ ngwaahịa na-ebubata site na ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmiri na-edozi mmiri, mana ọ bụ n'ihi mmiri mmanụ. Ihe dị mgbagwoju anya nke ngwaahịa ndị ewepụtara ozugbo site na ọgwụgwọ mmiri eji eme ihe anaghị arụ ọrụ, ọ naghị adị irè mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ nweghịkwa ebe a na-echekwa mmanụ na-eme mmiri. Nnyocha mba ọzọ na ndị na-eme mmiri maka ịgwọ mmiri na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mmepe nke flocculants, na e nwere ọtụtụ ngwaahịa mepụtara, ma ọ bụghị ọtụtụ ọgwụgwọ nsị maka ebe mmanụ na gas.
Sdị mkpa maka mgbake mmanụ
Ogo nke ihe na-emeputa ihe maka iweghachite mmanu nke mba ndi ozo kwenyesiri ike na onu ahia ha buru ibu. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e mepụtala ụfọdụ ụdị ndị na-eme mmiri na polima maka mwepụ nke mmanụ na China, mana ha enweghị ike igbo mkpa nke mgbake mmanụ. Emeputa kwa afọ nke arọ alkylbenzenes maka ihe eji arụ ọrụ na ihe ndị na-eme ka mmanụ na-ewepụta ihe na-erughị tọn 20,000, nke siri ike iji gboo mkpa, yana ịdị arọ nke molekụla na ịdị arọ nke igwe anaghị adị mma maka ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-ewepu mmanụ sịntetik.
Agbanyeghị na arụla ọtụtụ ọrụ na sọfụfụ, ọ ka nwere ike igbo mkpa mkpa ide mmiri mmanụ, enwere nsogbu na ọkwa mmepụta yana ogo ngwaahịa. Daqing, Shengli, Liaohe, Dagang na ubi mmanụ ndị ọzọ etinyegoro idei mmiri polymer, Daqing Oilfield arụọla osisi polyacrylamide na-ebupụta kwa afọ nke tọn 57,000, Shengli Oilfield wukwa polyacrylamide osisi na-ewepụta kwa afọ karịa tọn 20,000
Ufodi ulo oru ndi ozo nwere ikike imeputa ihe kariri 100,000 t / afo. Ihe a na-achọ kwa afọ maka polymer maka mwepụ mmanụ bụ iri puku kwuru iri puku. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ nwere ike ịchọta mkpa, mana ogo ngwaahịa (dị ka ngwongwo ngwongwo metụtara) A ka nwere oghere n'etiti ya na solubility, nguzogide okpomọkụ na nnu nnu. N'etiti ndị nọ n'ọrụ nọ n'ọhịa mmanụ, ndị na-arụ ọrụ nchịkwa mmanụ bụ ndị kemịkalụ kachasị mma.
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