1. nnyocha

Amphoteric surfactants na-ezo aka na otu cropic hydrophilic cionic na anionic hydrophobic dị iche iche na usoro ihe omimi, nke enwere ike ionized na ngwọta mmiri ma gosipụta njirimara nke ndị na-eme anionic surfactants n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, mana n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọzọ Ọ bụ otu klas nke ndị na-eme mmiri gosiputa njirimara ndi surfacants.

Betaine-ụdị amphoteric surfactants na-ezo aka na klas nke ogige ndị ọdịdị ha yiri nke betaine ngwaahịa. Aha chemical bụ betaine bụ trimethylammonium acetate. Ọ bụ ngwaahịa sitere n'okike nke Scheibler (Scheibler C. 1869, Scheibler C. 1870) chọpụtara wee kewapụrụ ya na mmiri beet. Scheibler kpọrọ betaine beta-na aha Latin ya beta vulgaris.

N'afọ 1876, Bruhl nakweere okwu ahụ bụ betaine ma tụọ aro na a ga-akpọ ogige ndị nwere ụdị owuwu dịka ngwaahịa okike “betaines“, Nke bụ betaine-ụdị amphoteric surfactants. Enwere ike kee ụdị Betaine amphoteric surfactants n'ụdị carboxylic acid, ụdị sulfonic acid, ụdị sulfate, ụdị sulfite, ụdị phosphate, ụdị phosphite, ụdị acid phosphonic na ụdị phosphonite dịka ụdị nke otu acid. . Ka ọ dị ugbu a, nyocha ụlọ nke betaine na-arụsi ọrụ ike. N'ime ha, ụdị carboxylic acid, ụdị sulfonic acid na ụdị ngwaahịa phosphate akọwakwa karịa.

Imirikiti ebe ụgwọ ụgwọ dị mma nke betaine-ụdị amphoteric surfactants na-akwado quaternary ammonium N atọm, ebe a na-akwado ebe ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ na-akwụ ụgwọ na acid ọjọọ. Ihe dị iche n'etiti ụdị beta nke ụdị amphoteric surfactants na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta amphoteric bụ na n'ihi ọnụnọ nke ammonium nitrogen quaternary na molekul ahụ, ọ gaghị adị n'ụdị nke anionic surfactants na ngwọta alkaline. Na ọkwa pH dị iche iche, beta-ụdị amphoteric surfactants ga-adị naanị n'ụdị zwitterionic ma ọ bụ cationic surfactants. Ya mere, na mpaghara isoelectric, betaine amphoteric surfactants adịghị ka ọ na-adaba na mbelata nke solubility dị ka ndị ọzọ na-emepụta amphoteric na nitrogen adịghị ike.

Betaine ụdị amphoteric surfactants dịkwa iche na cationic surfactants. Fọdụ ndị nyocha (Beckett AH 1963) kwenyere na ekwesịrị ịkọwa ya dịka "quaternary ammonium salt amphoteric surfactant"; Moore CD (1960) kwenyere na ekwesịrị ịkọwa ya dịka "quaternary ammonium salt surfactant". N'adịghị ka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri cationic dị ka "mpụga quaternary ammonium salt surfactants", betaine-ụdị amphoteric surfactants nwere ike iji ya na ndị anionic surfactants na agaghị etolite "electrically neutral" ogige.

Betaine-ụdị amphoteric surfactants bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke amphoteric surfactants. Ọ nwere njirisi magburu onwe ya na anionic, cationic na nonionic surfactants, nwere ezigbo mmetụta mmekọrịta, ọ dịkwa nwayọọ na ọdịdị. Ọ nwere ezigbo antistatic Njirimara, bactericidal Njirimara, anticorrosive Njirimara, na bụ mfe biodegradable. A na-eji ya eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ na-eme kwa ụbọchị. Site na nyocha miri emi, a ga-emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ nwere ụdị betaine ma tinye ha n'ọrụ.

2. Nnyocha nyocha nke beta-ụdị amphoteric surfactants

N'ihe dị ka afọ 1869, Liebreich O. jiri trimethylamine kwadebe betaine; na 1937, mbụ patent akụkọ nke amphoteric surfactants pụtara na United Kingdom, na 1940 DuPont kọrọ akụkọ mbụ betaine (Betaine) amphoteric surfactants. Kemgbe ahụ, mba dị iche iche amalitela nyocha na imepụta ngwa ngwa amphoteric gụnyere ogige betaine. Na-abawanye ngwa nkebetaine surfactants, oso nchoputa nke a na eme kwa ngwangwa. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, e mepụtara ọtụtụ ngwaahịa ọhụrụ.

Xu Jinyun et al. kwadebere octadecyl betaine na octadecyl tertiary amine, chloroacetic acid, na sodium hydroxide dị ka akụrụngwa, ma nwalee esemokwu elu ya, njirimara antistatic, emulsifying Njirimara na ngwa ngwa ndị ọzọ. Ejiri betaine base. Zhang Li na ndị ọzọ emeela nyocha na kemịkal interface nke ihe ngosi a, dịka esemokwu dị n'elu, microemulsion na nhazi usoro.

Chen Zonggang na ndị ọzọ meghachiri na stearic acid na triethanolamine iji mepụta triethanolamine stearate, ma chịkwaa oke nke ndị na-eme ihe ahụ iji mee ngwaahịa ahụ ọkachasị onye nwụrụ anwụ, wee meghachi omume na quaternization reagent sodium monochloroacetate iji mepụta triethanolamine fatty acid ester Betaine. Enwere ike iji ihe a rụọ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị nro maka ibi akwụkwọ na agba. Nro ya dị nso na mmanụ amino silicone, ọcha na wettability ya dị mma karịa mmanụ amino silicone, ọ dịkwa mfe mbibi. Ọ bụ ngwaahịa na-emebi emebi na gburugburu ebe obibi.

FangYiwen etal. synthesized lauroamidopropyl betaine with N, N-dimethyl N'-lauroyl-1,3-propanediamine na sodium chloroacetate dị ka akụrụngwa. Ngwaahịa a nwere ịfụfụfụfụfụfụfụfụfụfụfụ na ụsọ mmiri. , Ezi ndakọrịta na ndị ọzọ mmiri na ncha ntutu.

Chen Hongling et al. Sịkọta sulfoimidazoline abụọbetaines iji sodium 2-bromoethyl sulfonate mee ihe dị ka hydrophilic base base na alkyl imidazoline wee nwalee anụ ahụ na kemịkal ha. Structkpụrụ nhazi dị ka ndị a.

Jiang Liubo na-enweta N-lauricamidopropyl-N'-β-hydroxypropylamine sulfobetaine site na iwepu sodium chloride site na sodium l-chloropropyl-2-hydroxysulfonate na lauramide dimethylpropylamine site na mmeghachi omume, nke ọ bụla na teknụzụ egosipụtara dị iche iche na akara ngwaahịa aha. Ọ nwere arụmọrụ dị nro, obere iyatesịt, ụfụfụ bara ọgaranya ma dị mma, yana nguzogide mmiri na ịgba ọgwụ.

Nonglanping na-eji dodecanol, epichlorohydrin, chloroethanol na dimethylamine dị ka akụrụngwa, na P2O5 dị ka phosphorylation reagent, na sịntetik aha ya bụ 2- [N- (3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxy) propyl -N, N-Dimethylammonium] ethyl acid phosphate betaine .

 

Cen Bo et al. kewapụrụ dehydroabietylamine dị ọcha site na mkpụrụ ọgwụ rosin amine, wee mepụta N-dehydroabietyl-N site na N, N-dimethyl dehydroabietyl amine dị ka akụrụngwa. N-dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine na ya chloride bụ ụdị ọhụrụ abụọ nke betaine amphoteric surfactants.

 

Wang Jun et al. synthesized betaine type amphoteric surfactant-dodecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine with epichlorohydrin, sodium bisulfite na tertiary dodecyl amine dị ka akụrụngwa, Ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume kachasị mma.

 

Henan Dao Chung Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. akwadebewo ụdị beta abụọ nke nwere ụdị amphoteric surfactants nwere polyoxyethylene yinye usoro site na ịzaghachi alkyl polyoxyethylene dimethyl tertiary amine na chloroacetic acid ma ọ bụ chloroethyl sulfuric acid. Ghọta mmepụta mepụtara.

 

Mba ọzọ ka nọ n'ọkwa kachasị n'ọhịa nke betaine surfactants, na oru nyocha ha na oru ha kwesiri nlebara anya na ntughari akwukwo. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Chew, CH, wdg mepụtara ụdị betaine-ụdị surfactant polymer AUDMAA na acryloyl chloride 1-pyridinedecanol na aminoacetic acid. Ogbenye micelle ya dị egwu na 24 ℃ bụ 9.42 × 10-3mol / L. Ntinye ikike polymerization bụ 50.2kJ / mol. Furuno Takeshi et al. mepụtara ihe ọhụrụ betaine-ụdị surfactants N, N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethyl fatty acid ester betaine na N- (fatty acid ester) ethyl- na tarot mmanụ fatty acid dị ka akụrụngwa. N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-12-hydroxypropyl) ammonium sulfonate.

 

N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, e nweela ọtụtụ ọmarịcha mmepe na anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ nke betaine surfactants. Ọmụmaatụ: YousukeOne, wdg.dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, oleic acid) -dimethyl betaine isiokwu, na-amụ ihe banyere dielectric omume nke micellar ngwọta nke betaine surfactant. O nweghi ihe jikọrọ ya na itinye uche nke micelles, na ike izu ike nke amphoteric surfactant solution na-agbanwe n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na ịta ahụhụ, nke yiri aminoglycolato betaine nke nwere usoro kemịkal betaine mana ọ bụghị ihe na-emegharị ahụ. Nsonaazụ gosiri na micelle elu nke amphoteric surfactant nwekwara otu oge dipole oge dị ka glycine betaine solution.