Ihe ndi ozo: Kwurita banyere oru nke ndi na-eme mmiri, dika wetting, dispersing, emulsifying, solubilizing, foaming, defoaming, saa na decontamination, wdg, ewebata nhazi nke surfactants, na iwebata otutu ihe ndi mmadu na-eme. Na ọrụ na ihe ịchọ mma, ihe nhicha, ọgwụ, nri. A kọwara mmepe nke surfactants.

1. Nkesa nke surfactants

E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ iji kọwaa ndị na-eme ihe nkiri, nke a na-ekewa dịka isi iyi nke ndị na-eme surfactants. A na-ekekarị ndị na-eme ihe ike na ụzọ atọ: ndị na-arụ ọrụ sịntetik, ndị na-emepụta ihe okike na ndị na-arụ ọrụ ndụ.

Enwere ike kewaa ndị na-eme ihe ike na ụzọ anọ: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic na nonionic dịka ụdị ion ndị otu hydrophilic mepụtara. Ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe, bụ ndị nwere hydrophobic bụ otu hydrocarbon, nwekwara ike ịnwe ihe ndị dị ka oxygen, nitrogen, sọlfọ, chlorine, bromine, na iodine na molekul ahụ, a na-akpọkwa ha ndị na-eme hydrocarbon ma ọ bụ ndị nkịtị. A na-akpọ ndị na-eme nri nwere fluorine, silicon, phosphorus na boron pụrụ iche. Iwebata fluorine, sịlịkọn, site, boron na ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmiri rụọ ọrụ pụrụ iche ma dịkwa mma. Fluorine nwere surfactants bụ otu n’ime ụdị dị iche iche dị mkpa nke sọfụfụ pụrụ iche.

2. Isi ọrụ ndị sọfụfụ

(1) Emulsification: N'ihi oke mgbatị nke mmanụ n'ime mmiri, mgbe mmanụ ahụ na-atanye na mmiri, na-agbasi mbọ ike, a na-etipịa mmanụ n'ime beads ọma ma jikọta ya na emulsion, mana edemede ahụ kwụsịrị ma weghachi n'ígwé. Ọ bụrụ na ị gbakwunye surfactant ma kpasuo ike, ọ gaghị adị mfe ikewapụ ruo ogologo oge mgbe ịkwụsị, nke bụ emulsification. Ihe kpatara ya bụ na hydrophobicity nke mmanụ gbara gburugburu site na ìgwè hydrophilic nke ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, na-eme ka ihe na-adọrọ adọrọ, na-ebelata ọrụ achọrọ maka ịgbasa mmanụ na mmiri, na-eme ka mmanụ ahụ dị mma. Iji

(2) Mmetụta na-ekpo ọkụ: A na-enwekarị akwa nke wax, griiz ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'akụkụ nke akụkụ ahụ, nke bụ hydrophobic. N'ihi mmetọ nke ihe ndị a, elu nke akụkụ adịghị mfe mmiri mmiri. Mgbe agbakwunyere surfactants na mmiri ọgwụ, mmiri ụmụ irighiri mmiri dị n'akụkụ ahụ na-agbasasị ngwa ngwa, nke na-ebelata oke esemokwu nke akụkụ ahụ ma nweta nzube nke wetting. Iji

(3) Solubilization: ihe mmanu mmanu nwere ike "gbazee" mgbe ị gbakwunye surfactants, mana mgbasa a nwere ike ime naanị mgbe uche nke surfactant rutere oke ịta nke colloid. Solubility ahụ dabere na ihe solubilization na Ọ dabere na okike. N'ihe banyere solubilization, ogologo ogologo hydrophobic gene hydrocarbon chain siri ike karịa obere hydrocarbon chain, sarkar hydrocarbon zuru ezu dị ike karịa sarkar hydrocarbon a na-ejupụta, na nsonaazụ solubilization nke ndị na-enweghị ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme bụ ihe ka mkpa. Iji

(4) Mmetụta mgbasa: ihe siri ike dịka uzuzu na unyi na-adịkarị mfe ịchịkọta ọnụ, ha dịkwa mfe idozi na mmiri. Na ụmụ irighiri ihe nke surfactants nwere ike kee ihe siri ike urughuru aggregates n'ime ezi ahụ, nke na-achụsasị ma kwụsịtụrụ ke akpanam. Mee ọrụ na ịkwalite mgbasa nke edo nke ihe siri ike. (5) amfụfụ utịp: guzobe ụfụfụ bụ tumadi nduzi nduzi nke onye na-arụ ọrụ, nke na-akpata mbelata nke esemokwu elu n'etiti gas na mmiri. N'ozuzu, ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị arọ nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mfe ịfụfụ, ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị arọ na-arụ ọrụ nwere obere ụfụfụ, myristic acid yellow nwere ụdị ụfụfụ kachasị elu, na sodium stearate nwere ihe nfụfụ kachasị njọ. Ndị ọrụ anionic na-arụ ọrụ nwere ụfụfụfụfụfụfụfụfụ karịa ndị na-abụghị ionic. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate nwere ezigbo ụfụfụfụfụ. Ndị na-ejikarị ụfụfụ na-eme ka ụfụfụ na-agụnye abụba mmanya na-egbu egbu, carboxymethyl cellulose, wdg, na ndị na-egbochi ụfụfụ na-agụnye abụba fatty, esters fatty acid, polyethers, wdg na ndị ọzọ na-enweghị mmiri.

3 Ngwa nke Surfactant

Ngwa nke surfactants nwere ike kere n'ime obodo na ulo oru ngwa. Dabere na data, a na-eji ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nkịtị na ngwaahịa nchekwa onwe onye; sịntetik nchacha bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu n'ji ahịa n'ihi surfactants. Ngwaahịa gụnyere ịsa ntụ, mmiri mmiri, ịsa efere na ngwa ụlọ dị iche iche. Nhicha ngwaahịa na onye nchedo ngwaahịa dị ka: ncha ntutu, conditioner, ude ntutu, ntutu jel, ude mmiri, toner, Ihicha ihu, wdg Ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe mmepụta ihe bụ nchịkọta nke ndị na-eme ihe eji arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na mpaghara ndị ọzọ karịa ndị na-eme obodo. Ya ngwa ubi na-agụnye akwa ụlọ ọrụ, metal ụlọ ọrụ, agba, agba, ink ụlọ ọrụ, plastic resin ụlọ ọrụ, nri ụlọ ọrụ, akwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ, akpụkpọ anụ Mmeputa, mmanụ ala ngagharị, ụlọ ihe ụlọ ọrụ, na Ngwuputa ụlọ ọrụ, ike ụlọ ọrụ, wdg Ọtụtụ akụkụ na-kọwara n'okpuru .

3.1.1 Surfactant na ihe ịchọ mma

A na-eji ọgwụ na-eme ihe ike na ihe ịchọ mma dị iche iche dị ka emulsifiers, penetrants, detergents, softeners, wetting agents, bactericides, dispersants, solubilizer, antistatic agents, ntutu agba, wdg Ndị na-abụghị ionic surfactants na-akacha eji na ihe ịchọ mma n'ihi na ha anaghị ewe iwe ma bụrụ mfe dakọtara na ndị ọzọ mmiri. Ohaneze, ha bụ abụba acid esters na polyethers.

3.1.2 Ihe ndi choro nke ihe nchacha nke ndi surfactants

Ngwakọta nke ịchọ mma dị iche iche na mgbagwoju anya. Na mgbakwunye na akụrụngwa mmanụ na mmiri, enwerekwa ndị na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche, ndị na-echekwa ihe, ihe ọkụkụ na agba agba, wdg, nke sitere na usoro mgbasa ozi ọtụtụ. N’inwewanye ihe ịchọ mma na ihe achọrọ, ihe dị iche iche nke ihe eji achọ mma na-abawanye. Ndị na-eme ihe eji eme ihe na ihe ịchọ mma ekwesịghị inwe mgbakasị ahụ, enweghị mmetụta ọ bụla na-egbu egbu, yana mezuo ihe achọrọ nke enweghị agba, enweghị isi na-adịghị mma na nkwụsi ike dị elu.

3.2 Ojiji nke ndi na emeputa ihe

Ndị na-arụ ọrụ ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ nhicha na disinfection na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ma bụrụkwala akụkụ kachasị mkpa nke ngwaahịa nhicha. Surfactant bụ ihe bụ isi nke omo. Ọ na - arụkọ ọrụ na unyi yana n’etiti unyi na elu siri ike (dịka ịmịkọrọ mmiri, ịmịcha, emulsifying, solubilizing, dispersing, ụfụfụ, wdg) na-erite uru nke Mechanical edemede obụk saa mmetụta. Ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ anionic na nonionic surfactants. A na-eji ihe okike na amphoteric surfactants eme ihe n'ụdị ụfọdụ pụrụ iche na ọrụ nke nchacha. Varietiesdị ndị bụ isi bụ LAS (na-ezo aka alkyl benzene sulfonate), AES (mmanya na-egbu egbu polyoxyethylene ether sulfate), MES (α-sulfonic acid fatty acid salt), AOS (α-alkenyl sulfonate), Alkyl polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, acid diethanolamine, amino acid ụdị, ụdị betaine, wdg.

3.3 Ntinye ndi ozo n’ulo oru nri

3.3.1 Emulsifiers na thicken Ọrụ kachasị mkpa nke ndị na-eme nri na ụlọ ọrụ nri bụ ime ka emulsifiers na thickeners. Phospholipids bụ emulsifiers na ndị na-emechi ihe. Na mgbakwunye na phospholipids, emulsifiers ndị a na-ejikarị bụ abụba acid glycerides S, ọkachasị monoglyceride T, fatty acid sucrose esters, fatty acid sorbitan esters, fatty acid propylene glycol esters, soybean phospholipids, gum arabic, alginic acid, sodium caseinate, Gelatin na akwa nkochi ime akwa. wdg. Thickerers na-ekewa abụọ edemede: eke na ya na synthesized. Egwuregwu ndị na-eto eto na-agụnye starch, gum arabic, guar gum, carrageenan, pectin, agar, na alginic acid nke sitere na osisi na mmiri. Enwekwara gelatin, casein na sodium caseinate nke sitere na ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nwere protein. Na xanthan chịngọm emere site na microorganisms. Sịntetik thickeners a na-ejikarị bụ sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: @ :, propylene glycol alginate, cellulose glycolic acid na sodium polyacrylate, sodium stachi glycolate, sodium starch phosphate, methyl cellulose na polyacrylic acid Sodium wdg.

3.3.2 Ndị na-eri nri Rhamnose esters nwere ụfọdụ ọgwụ antibacterial, antiviral na anti-mycoplasma. Sucrose esters nwekwara mmetụta mgbochi ka ukwuu na microorganisms, ọkachasị nje na-akpata Gram-positive bacteria.

3.3.3 Ndị na-ebugharị nri, ndị na-agba ụfụfụ, wdg. Na mgbakwunye na iji dị ka emulsifiers na thickeners na mmepụta nri, a pụkwara iji ndị na-eme ihe nkiri mee ihe dị ka ndị na-achụsasị, ndị na-agba mmiri, ndị na-asụ ụfụfụ, ndị defoamers, ndị na-achịkwa mkpuchi, Sterilize na ịgbatị oge nchekwa nri. . Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgbakwunye 0.2-0.3% soy phospholipids mgbe granulating mmiri ara ehi dum nwere ike imeziwanye mmiri ya na dispersibility ya, ọ ga-agbaze ngwa ngwa na-enweghị agglomeration n'oge nkwadebe. Mgbe ị na-eme achịcha na ice cream, na-agbakwunye glycerol fatty acid na abụba sucrose nwere ike ịnwe mmetụta ụfụfụ, nke na-enyere aka na imepụta ọtụtụ ọnụọgụ. Na mmepụta nke mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa soy, ịgbakwunye glycerol fatty acid nwere mmetụta na-emebi emebi.

3.3.4 Ntinye na mmịpụta na nkewa nke pigments, ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ, ihe ndị dị ndụ na ngwaahịa na ngwaahịa

N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a na-ejikwa ndị na-eme ihe nkiri eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na mmịpụta na nkewa nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike na nri dị ka pigmenti, ihe ndị na-esi ísì ụtọ, ihe ndị dị ndụ na-emepụta ihe na ngwaahịa ndị na-eme nri.

3.4 Ngwa nke ndi surfactants na ngalaba ogwu

Ndị na-arụ ọrụ nwere ọrụ nke wetting, emulsifying, solubilizing, wdg, ya mere, a na-ejikarị ha eme ihe dị ka ndị na-emepụta ọgwụ, karịsịa na teknụzụ microemulsion ọgwụ nke e mepụtara n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Na njikọ ọgwụ, enwere ike iji surfactants mee ihe dị ka usoro mgbanwe mbu, nke nwere ike gbanwee ogo nke solion ion, si otú a na-abawanye mmeghachi omume nke ion, na-eme ka mmeghachi omume na-aga n'ihu na usoro dị iche iche, ma meziwanye arụmọrụ mmeghachi omume. A na-ejikarị ndị na-eme ihe ike eme ihe dị ka ndị na-edozi ihe na ndị na-eme nchọpụta na nyocha, karịsịa na ọgwụ ọgwụ na-emepụta ọgwụ. N'ihe banyere disinfection nke anụ ahụ, ọnya ma ọ bụ mucous membrane disinfection, disinfection instrument na disinfection gburugburu ebe obibi tupu ịwa ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ, ndị na-eme ihe ike nwere ike soro ndị na-edozi biofilm na-akpakọrịta ma ọ bụ tufuo ọrụ ha, ma jiri ya dị ka ọgwụ nje na ọgwụ nje.

4. The mmepe na-emekarị nke surfactants

A ga - egosipụta ụzọ mmepe nke ndị na - eme surfactant n'akụkụ ndị a:

4.1 Laghachi n'okike;

4.2 Dochie kemịkal na-emerụ ahụ;

4.3 Saa ma jiri onodu ulo;

4.4 Jiri na mmiri siri ike na-enweghị mgbakwunye;

4.5 Nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi nke nwere ike ịgwọ mmiri mmiri n'efu, mmiri mkpofu, uzuzu, wdg.

4.6 Ndị na-eme ihe ike nke nwere ike meziwanye ojiji nke mineral, fuels, na mmepụta;

4.7 Multifunctional surfactants;

4.8 Ndị na-ere ihe dị njikere site na mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ nke mepere emepe dabere na bioengineering;

4.9 Reuse High-arụmọrụ surfactant na synergistic mmetụta mepụtara Nwa technology.