1. Surfactant maka nrigbu mmanu mmanu

N'ihi nnukwu viscosity na mmiri dị nro nke mmanụ dị arọ, ọ na-eweta ọtụtụ ihe isi ike nrigbu. Iji na-erigbu mmanụ ndị a dị arọ, ọ dị mkpa mgbe ụfọdụ ịmịnye ihe ngwọta mmiri nke ndị na-eme surfactants n'ime olulu mmiri iji gbanwee mmanụ dị elu nke viscosity dị ukwuu n'ime mmanụ emulsion dị ala nke viscosity ma gbanye ya n'elu. Ndị ọrụ nyocha ejiri na mmanụ emulsification na usoro mbelata viscosity gụnyere sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Ethylene alkyl mmanya ether-sulfate mmanụ wdg. kwesịrị ikewapụ mmiri ma jiri ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta ihe mmepụta ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri gwụ. Ndị a bụ ndị emulsifiers mmiri-na mmanụ. A na-ejikarị ya ihe ikuku mmiri ma ọ bụ acid naphthenic, asphaltene acid na salts metal polyvalent. Maka mmanụ dị arọ pụrụ iche, a gaghị enwe ike iji usoro mmịpụta sistemụ mgbapụta, achọrọ ọgwụ mgbochi mmiri maka mgbake ọkụ. Iji melite ọkụ mgbake mmetụta, a chọrọ surfactants. Foamgbanye ụfụfụ n'ime uzuoku uzuoku nke ọma, ya bụ, ịgbanye ihe na-efe ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na ikuku na-abụghị condensable bụ otu n'ime usoro mgbanwe ụda a na-ejikarị.

Ndị ọrụ ịfụfụfụ na-ejikarị ya bụ alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, mmanụ ala sulfonate, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether na sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, pụrụ iche gemini surfactants, wdg. , oxygen, okpomọkụ na mmanụ, ndị na-eme ka fluorine nwere surfactants bụ ezigbo ndị ọrụ na-agba ụfụfụ. Iji mee ka mmanụ a chụsasịrị dị mfe gafere pore akpịrị Ọdịdị nke e guzobere, ma ọ bụ iji mee ka mmanụ dị n'elu nke e guzobere mfe ka a chụpụ ya, ọ dị mkpa iji surfactant akpọ a mkpa film diffusing gị n'ụlọnga. Ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe gemini na ihe ndị na-emepụta phenolic alkylated.

2. Nrigbu nke waxy crude mmanụ na surfactants chọrọ Ugboro waks akara na wax mwepụ. Ndị na-eme ihe ike na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-egbochi wax na ndị na-ewepu wax. A na-eji ihe ndị nwere mmiri na mmiri na-eme mmiri maka mgbochi wax. Ihe mbu na-ekere òkè na igbochi wax site na igbanwe ihe omuma nke elu wax wax. Ndị a na-ejikarị mmanụ a na-agbaze mmanụ bụ mmanụ sulfonates na amine. Ndị na-eme mmiri nwere ike ịgbanye mmiri dị egwu site na igbanwe ihe onwunwe nke ịme waksị (dị ka tubing, ọkpọ na akụrụngwa akụrụngwa). Ndị na-eme ihe eji arụ ọrụ bụ sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salt, alkane polyoxyethylene ether, aromatic polyoxyethylene ether na sodium sulfonate salts. A na-ekekwa ndị na-arụ ọrụ maka iwepụ wax n'ime ụzọ abụọ, mmanụ mmanụ maka mmanụ na-ewepu mmanụ, ụdị mmiri sulfonate mmiri, ụdị nnu ammonium quaternary, ụdị polyether, ụdị Tween, OP ụdị surfactant, Sulfate ester salted ma ọ bụ sulfonated flat flat type na OP ụdị surfactants na-eji dị ka mmiri na-adabere wax wepụ. N’afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ma ndị ụlọ ma ndị si mba ofesi ejiri ngwa ngwa jikọta iwepụ ihe mgbochi na mgbochi, yana ihe eji eme mmanụ na ihe na-eme ka mmiri wepụta, iji mepụta ngwakọ wax wax. Onye na-ewepu ihe nke a na - eji hydrocarbons aromatic na hydrocarbons aromatic dị ka mmanụ mmanụ, yana onye emulsifier nwere ọrụ iwepu wax dị ka mmiri mmiri. Mgbe emulsifier ahọpụtara bụ onye na-enweghị mmiri na-arụ ọrụ na igwe ojii kwesịrị ekwesị, enwere ike ime ka ọ rute ma ọ bụ gafee igwe ojii ya na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru ngalaba waksị nke mmanụ nke ọma, nke mere na ihe ndị na-ewepu ihe na-ekpo ọkụ nwere ike can emulsion na-agbaji, na ụdị abụọ nke wax wepụ ndị mmadụ na-ekewapụ, ha na-arụ ọrụ nke wax wepụ n'otu oge.

3. Onye na-eme ihe arụ mere ka ụrọ kwụsie ike

Akụkụ ụrọ ahụ kwụsiri ike na-egbochi mineral ụrọ ịza aza ma gbochie ihe ịnweta ịnweta ụrọ ịkwaga. Enwere ike iji ya gbochie ụrọ site na ọzịza, dị ka nnu nnu amine, quaternary ammonium salt, pyridine salt type, imidazoline salt and other cationic surfactants. Ndị na-enweghị ionic-cationic surfactants nwere fluorine dị iji gbochie mbugharị nke ihe ịnweta ịnweta ụrọ.

4. Surfactants eji na acidification jikoro

Iji meziwanye mmetụta nke acidification, a na-agbakwunye ọtụtụ ihe mgbakwunye na ngwọta acid. Enwere ike iji ihe ọ bụla nwere ike dakọtara na acid ma mee ka ọ dị mfe site na nguzobe ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ewepụta acidification. Dị ka amine hydrochloride amine, nnu ammonium quaternary, nnu pyridine na ndị na-eme ihe ike na polyoxyethylene sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate salted ma ọ bụ sulfate salted na amphoteric surfactants Base phenol ether na na. Fọdụ ndị na-eme mmiri sọfụ, dịka dodecyl sulfonic acid na alkyl amine salts, nwere ike ime ka acid dị na mmanụ wee mepụta emulsion acid-in-oil. A na-eji emulsion a dị ka mmiri mmiri na-emepụta acidification ma nwee mmetụta na-egbu oge.

Enwere ike iji ụfọdụ sọfụfụ mee ihe dị ka mgbochi emulsifiers maka mmiri mmiri acidified. Enwere ike iji ndị na-arụ ọrụ nwere ngalaba dịka polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether na polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine nwere ike iji mee ihe dị ka acidification anti-emulsifiers. Enwere ike iji ụfọdụ ndị na-eme ihe ike dị ka ihe enyemaka, dị ka ụdị nnu amine, ụdị nnu ammonium quaternary, ụdị nnu pyridine, ndị na-abụghị ionic, amphoteric na fluorinated surfactants.